Methods in Yeast Genetics

Biologists have created baker’s yeast that is capable of living up to 800 years without any noted side effects. This discovery brings scientists and researchers even closer to controlling the survival and health of the cell, which is the unit of all living organisms. Baker’s yeast is one of the most studied and the best understood organisms at the molecular and genetic levels. In light of its seeming simplicity, yeast has led scientists to the discovery of many important genes and developments which can help to regulate disease and aging in mice and other mammals.

The techniques and methods used to study yeast genetics is massive. Many scientists and researchers have delved into this topic for decades and many methods have been tried. Some have failed and many have succeeded. Of course with time comes many changes in both the lessons learned and in the way the lessons are learned. New developments, better machinery and a more in depth knowledge of the workings of cells have led researchers to new and improved ways to find and to use their information for the betterment of mankind.

Studies have been performed that report mice with gene mutations which live 30 percent longer than normal, are protected against heart and bone disease and apparently show no adverse side effects. The use of scientific animals is one way in which scientists have learned many possibilities that can be derived from the study of yeast genetics. Researchers are further investigating life span extensions in mice as well as a human population in small areas of the world with mutations that are analogous to those described in yeast.

Researchers have learned that humans with two copies of the mutations have small stature and other defects and they are identifying relatives with only one copy of a specific mutation who appear normal. The study of humans with mutations or defects gives scientists the needed information to further their developments which may someday lead to overcoming or correcting the gene mutations that cause such defects. The studies are hopeful of showing a reduced incidence of certain diseases and an extended life span in many subjects.

Scientists have also learned that when telomeres are spliced into the central part of a chromosome, the effect is seen at the same distance from new telomeres. This mechanisms aids researchers in ensuring that all chromosomes, even the shortest, have crossovers that are required for meiosis. This research allows scientists to understand specific chromosome events which lead to infertility and many birth defects. Although the studies do not currently note why some cells divide improperly, scientists are confident that the technologies developed for these types of studies will allow them to identify many sites that are sensitive to breaks caused by agents, certain cancer drugs for instance. Researchers are looking into and adapting many methods that are used in yeast to map break sensitive sites which will allow them to fully understand why some defects occur and possibly will give them insight into how to prevent defects altogether.